The choice of coupling mainly considers the speed of the required transmission shaft, the size of the load, the installation accuracy of the two connected parts, the stability of rotation, the price, etc. We should refer to the characteristics of various couplings, and choose a suitable coupling joint. The following points can be considered when making specific choices:
1. Due to manufacturing, installation, load deformation and temperature changes, it is difficult to maintain strict and precise alignment of the two shafts after installation and adjustment. There is a certain degree of displacement in the X and Y directions and the deflection angle CI. When the radial displacement is large, you can choose a slider coupling, and when the angular displacement is large or the connection of two intersecting shafts, you can choose a universal shaft. When the two shafts produce a large additional relative displacement during the working process, a flexible coupling should be used.
2. The working speed of the coupling and the centrifugal force caused by it. For high-speed transmission shafts, couplings with high balance accuracy, such as diaphragm couplings, should be used, rather than eccentric slider couplings.
3. The size and nature of the torque to be transmitted and the requirements for the function of damping vibration. For example, gear couplings can be used for high-power and heavy-duty transmission. For severe impact loads or transmissions that require the elimination of shaft torsional vibration, tire couplings can be used. Most couplings have been standardized or standardized. The designer's task is to choose, not design. The basic steps for selecting a coupling are as follows:
According to the size of the transmission load, the shaft speed, the installation accuracy of the two parts connected, and referring to the characteristics of various types of couplings, a common type of coupling is selected. The following points can be considered in the specific selection:
1) The size and nature of the torque to be transmitted and the requirements for the buffer and vibration reduction function. For example, for high-power and heavy-duty transmissions, gear couplings can be selected; for transmissions that require severe impact loads or to eliminate shaft torsional vibration, tire couplings and other couplings with high elasticity can be selected.
2) The working speed of the universal joint shaft and the centrifugal force caused by it. For high-speed transmission shafts, couplings with high balance accuracy, such as diaphragm couplings, should be used, rather than eccentric slider couplings.
3) The magnitude and direction of the relative displacement of the two axes. When it is difficult to maintain strict and precise alignment of the two shafts after installation and adjustment, or when the two shafts will have a large additional relative displacement during the working process, a flexible coupling should be used. For example, when the radial displacement is large, you can choose a slider coupling, and when the angular displacement is large or the connection of two intersecting shafts, you can choose a Cardan shaft.
4) The reliability and working environment of the universal joint shaft. Generally, couplings made of metal elements that do not require lubrication are more reliable; couplings that require lubrication are easily affected by the perfect degree of lubrication and may pollute the environment. Couplings containing non-metallic components such as rubber are sensitive to temperature, corrosive media and strong light, and are prone to aging.
5) Manufacturing, installation, maintenance and cost of couplings. Under the premise of meeting the convenience of use, couplings with convenient assembly and disassembly, simple maintenance and low cost should be selected. For example, rigid couplings are not only simple in structure, but also easy to assemble and disassemble, and can be used for low-speed, rigid drive shafts. General non-metallic elastic element couplings (such as elastic sleeve pin couplings, elastic pin couplings, plum-shaped elastic couplings, etc.), due to their good comprehensive capabilities, are widely used in general medium and small power transmission.
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