Friday, April 9, 2021

Cooling Bed of Rebar Rolling Mill

The cooling bed is the working table of the metallurgical steel rolling industry to cool rolled products (rebar, round steel, steel pipe, etc.). The cooling bed is composed of the mechanical transmission system, water cooling system, cooling bed table, fixed support, etc. The cooling beds mainly include gear extraction cooling bed, walking beam cooling bed, claw type cooling bed, carrying chain cooling bed, rolling plate cooling bed, etc.

The cooling bed is one of the indispensable auxiliary equipment in small and medium-sized bar mill plants. Its function is to cut double-length bar rolled by rolling mill through flying shear, transport and unload it to the rack of cooling bed for cooling, so as to reduce its temperature from 900 ℃ to 100 ~ 300 ℃. Then it is collected and sent to output roller table by unloading device of cooling bed, and then it is sent to cold shear for cutting into fixed-length finished product by output roller table. The design quality and installation accuracy of the cooling bed directly determine the final quality of products.

walking beam cooling bed

Equipment Composition

The cooling bed consists of three parts: cooling bed feeding device, serrated walking beam cooling bed body, cooling bed unloading device and output roller table. The cooling bed charging device is a difficult point in the design of the cooling bed, and it is also a throat device.

Feeding Device

The feeding device is composed of a roll-in roller table, a straightening plate, a brake apron and a pneumatic steel splitting device. The structural feature of the feeding device is that a hydraulic cylinder is arranged every 12m in the length direction of 120m, all hydraulic cylinders operate synchronously, and the skirt board is moved up and down at the same time through the connecting rod and the synchronous shaft.

The performance characteristics of the feeding device are: a proximity switch is set on the synchronization axis to detect and control the lifting position of the lifting skirt to ensure accurate and reliable actions; the control valve of the hydraulic cylinder is configured nearby to minimize pressure errors and ensure synchronization of actions The direct-acting relief valve and anti-cavitation valve are set in the control circuit, and the optimized design of the hydraulic cylinder can effectively solve the problem of damage to the hydraulic system caused by the huge impact and ensure the safety of the hydraulic system.

The side drive of the hydraulic cylinder, the synchronous shaft is arranged outside the high-temperature zone. When each hydraulic cylinder is kept in sync, each shaft bears only the torsional stress required for the lifting of the lifting skirt plate, while the synchronous shaft is rotated. There is almost no inertial force. Because the inertial force of the skirt is distributed to each hydraulic cylinder, the force state of the mechanism is greatly improved. 

There is an adjustment mechanism on the connecting rod, which can easily adjust the up and down position of the skirt board. Due to the optimized design of the mechanical structure, the electrical control adopts computational control technology, and the hydraulic system adopts safety measures, the device is endowed with superior performance. The levelness and straightness of all skirts are reliably guaranteed during work.

cooling bed

Classification

Cooling beds mainly include pull-tooth cooling beds, rack stepping cooling beds, claw cooling beds, carrier chain cooling beds, and rolling plate cooling beds.

Working Principle

The rolled products are transported into the cooling bed through the roller table, and then the workpieces arranged on the cooling bed are gradually moved to the top of the cooling bed by means of rack and gear stepping, so as to achieve the cooling effect of the workpiece.

The Main Purpose

The cooling bed equipment is mainly used for on-line slow natural cooling of rolled steel plates. In the profile production line, the cooling bed also has a pre-bending function for the profile to prevent the profile from being irregularly bent due to unequal quality in the natural cooling process. Cooling beds are mainly used in the steel industry, metallurgical industry, etc.

Operating Procedures

1. During the rolling process, the operators of the cooling bed are strictly forbidden to go on the cooling bed, and are not allowed to walk on the roller table or rack.

2. If there are accidents such as chaotic bed during production, it must be processed and cleared after the rolling stop.

3. The sampling of the cooling bed should use special tools for sampling.

4. Pay attention to the surrounding conditions during operation, and it is strictly forbidden for unrelated persons to enter the dangerous area of ​​the large cooling bed.

5. Hot waste products caused by accidents such as chaotic beds must be removed on duty to ensure that the environment around the cooling bed is tidy.

cooling beds

If you are interested in cooling beds for rolling mill machine, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com.

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Friday, April 2, 2021

Presentation on Electric Arc Furnace (A)

The electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that uses high temperature produced by electrode arc to smelt ore and metal. When the arc is formed by gas discharge, the energy is concentrated and the temperature of the arc zone is above 3000 ℃. For smelting metals, EAF is more flexible than other steelmaking furnaces, which can effectively remove sulfur, phosphorus and other impurities. The furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment covers a small area. It is suitable for smelting high-quality alloy steel.

Introduction

Through the metal electrode or nonmetal electrode to produce electric arc heating industrial furnace is called electric arc furnace. According to the form of arc, EAF can be divided into three-phase EAF, consumable EAF, single-phase EAF and resistance EAF. The furnace body of EAF is composed of furnace cover, furnace door, tapping tank and furnace body. The furnace bottom and wall are built with basic refractory or acid refractory.

According to the transformer capacity per ton of furnace capacity, EAF can be divided into ordinary power EAF, high power EAF and ultra-high power EAF. EAF steelmaking is to input electric energy into EAF through graphite electrode, and take the arc between electrode end and charge as heat source for steelmaking. Electric energy is used as the heat source in EAF, and the atmosphere in EAF can be adjusted, which is very beneficial to the smelting of steel grades with more oxidizable elements.

Shortly after the invention of EAF steelmaking, it was used to smelt alloy steel and developed greatly. With the improvement of EAF equipment and smelting technology, the development of electric power industry, the cost of EAF steelmaking is decreasing. Now EAF steelmaking is not only used for the production of alloy steel, but also for the production of ordinary carbon steel. The proportion of its output in the total steel output of major industrial countries is rising.

electric arc furnace


Development History


In 1888-1892, p.l.t.h é roult developed coal instead of energy by using a high temperature of electrode arc, and invented an arc furnace for direct smelting. At first, the EAF was only used for the production of calcium carbide and ferroalloy, and it was developed to make steel in 1906, and thus the scrap steel could be recycled economically and in scale. The electric energy is converted into heat energy by the arc between the end of the graphite electrode and the charge, and then the furnace charge is melted and the subsequent high-temperature metallurgical reaction is completed. Because it uses electric energy and is easy to adjust the atmosphere in the furnace, it can smelt various kinds of alloy steel including the oxidizable elements.


With the development of power industry, the continuous improvement of process equipment and the improvement of smelting technology, arc furnace is widely used and its production capacity and scale are increasing. The maximum capacity of EAF was 100t in 1930s, 200t in 1950s and 400t in the early 1970s. Especially in the past 50 years, the technical performance of EAF has been gradually improved, and the production cost has decreased significantly. The proportion of EAF steel in developed countries in Europe and America has exceeded 50%. The development of modern EAF smelting technology advances with the times. 


arc furnace


In the 1960s-1970s, the development of ultra-high power supply and related technologies is mainly carried out. HP and UHP are compared with the general power arc furnace (RP). They are mainly divided according to the capacity of transformer per ton of furnace capacity, and there is a trend of higher and higher in recent years. This means that the heat energy of the electric arc furnace is greatly increased in unit time, which makes the melting time significantly shortened, thus improving the production capacity, reducing electrode consumption, reducing heat loss and reducing the power consumption. The result is that the production capacity is increased again, and the cost also decreases greatly. High voltage long arc operation, water-cooled furnace wall, water-cooled furnace cover, foam slag technology, and external heat source melting have been widely used in conjunction with ultra-high power electric arc furnace. Ladle refining and intensified oxygen utilization have also been adopted.


In the 1980s, the development of LF and EBT technology made the modern EAF steelmaking process of EAF smelting and refining outside the furnace mature. It is worth noting that since then, people have paid more attention to the use of secondary combustion and flue gas sensible heat, namely, the preheating of scrap steel. Different preheating methods of scrap produce different types of modern EAFs, including ordinary arc furnaces preheating with basket scrap, flue shaft furnace with supporting claws, double shell arc furnace and Consteel arc furnace. At present, the equipment and production technology of EAF are still in the process of continuous development.

Inquiry about heating furnaces, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com.

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Tuesday, March 23, 2021

Roller: Structure of Roll Grinder

The Roller grinder is a special grinder developed on the basis of the cylindrical grinder. According to the weight of the roller, it can be divided into two categories:

1. Movable workpiece bed. It is mainly used for roller grinder with the roller weight ≤ 6 tons.

2. Move the wheel frame. It is mainly used for roll grinder with a weight of more than 6 tons. Regardless of the type of roll grinder, their structure is roughly the same. It mainly consists of the following parts: bed, bedside table, tailstock, bracket, grinding wheel rack, convex (concave) forming mechanism, electrical control equipment, coolant supply and filtering equipment. The main components of the roll grinder are briefly described below.

roller

1. Roll grinder bed. This is the basis of ensuring grinding accuracy. 

(1). the main machine of the workpiece mobile grinder is used to support the fixation of roll, tailstock, bracket and headstock, as well as the guiding function of mobile worktable. The auxiliary bed is used to support the wheel frame, and the longitudinal direction of the wheel frame is fixed. 

(2). The main bed of the mobile grinder with the grinding wheel frame is used to support the grinding wheel frame, and the longitudinal direction of the grinding wheel frame moves back and forth on the grinding wheel frame. His machining accuracy and installation accuracy are very high. The auxiliary bed is used to support the fixation of the roller, tailstock, bracket and headframe. The bed is made of cast iron. In order to keep the high precision of the bed, aging treatment and scraping treatment were carried out after machining. The whole bed is placed on the correct angle which is fixed on the cement foundation. Most of the bed rails are in the form of V-P rails (except hydrostatic rails), which have high guiding accuracy and good rigidity. Bed movement is divided into hydraulic cylinder type (short stroke), gear carrier type, and roller screw type.

mill roll

2. The headstock is used to drive the rolls, most of which use the multi-stage belt drive to ensure stable driving. A special starting motor is also installed on the heavy roller mill. For small roller mills, there are also gearing with reduction mechanisms, such as turbines or gears. The headstock is driven by the electric motor and can be adjusted steplessly. In order to ensure the smooth rotation of the roll, a floating driving device is set on the dial, and the pressure on the two dial must be evenly applied during the rotation.

3. Tailstock. The function of the tailstock is to position the roll axially during grinding to avoid the mill roll moving axially during grinding. Most tailstock consists of upper and lower parts. The lateral direction can be slightly adjusted from the upper part so that the two shafts of the main axle box are parallel to the main axis. Usually, the diamond finishing pen is mounted on the tailstock to finish the grinding wheel. The tailstock of CNC grinding machine is also equipped with a reference plate, which is used to correct the diameter measured by CNC.

rolls

4. Bracket. The carriage is used to support the roll during grinding. It is usually supported on the neck of the roller. It is divided into left and right brackets. The position of the left and right supports and the upper and lower support shoes of each support cannot be reversed. Each support shoe also has a different support diameter to choose from. When adjusting the support seat each time, the upper shoe and lower shoe should be adjusted after the reel is positioned together with the headstock and tailstock by means of lifting equipment.

5. Grinding wheel rack. It is the core of the roll grinder. The formation mechanism of roll shape and spindle which affect grinding accuracy is concentrated on the grinding wheel frame. The grinding wheel rack usually consists of the following parts: the main body of the rack, the spindle, the dynamic balance device of the grinding wheel, the horizontal feed mechanism, the convex (concave) forming mechanism, the power-off protection mechanism, etc.

If you are looking for rolls of rolling mills, please contact me.
Email: marketing2@hanrm.com.

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Thursday, March 18, 2021

Disadvantages of the Heating furnace

Heating Defect of the Heating Furnace

1. Cracking of alloy steel.

At the beginning stage of heating (below 700 ℃), for high carbon tool steel, high manganese steel, bearing steel, high-speed steel and other steel with low thermal conductivity, if the heating rate is too fast, the surface temperature of the heating furnace rises suddenly and the temperature difference of cross-section is too large, thermal stress will be produced, leading to cracks.

2. Overheating and overburning.

If the heating temperature of the heating furnace is too high or the residence time at a high temperature is too long, the grain of the steel will grow excessively, the connection between grains will be weakened, and the steel will become brittle, which is called overheating. Even if there is no cracking in rolling, the mechanical properties of the finished product can not meet the requirements. It can be saved by normalizing the overheated billet. With the further development of overheating, the grains continue to grow up, and the grain boundaries are oxidized or melted, which is often broken or cracked during rolling, which is called overburning. The over burned blank is an irreparable waste. When the rolling operation breaks down suddenly, it is easy to cause overheating or overburning; if the temperature of high carbon steel is not controlled properly, it is also easy to cause overheating or overburning.

heating furnace

3. Oxidation and decarburization of billet.

During the process of billet heating in the heating furnace, metal elements in steel react with oxidizing atmosphere in the heating furnace and produce scale (the inner layer of scale is iron oxide, the middle layer is iron oxide, and the outermost layer is iron oxide). Decarburization is caused by the diffusion of carbon in steel to the surface and reaction with the atmosphere in the furnace. Decarburization of bearing steel, tool steel, spring steel and some other steels is harmful. The surface of decarburized steel can not reach the required hardness during quenching. In addition, the compressive performance, wear resistance and elasticity are reduced.

Oxidation and decarburization are carried out simultaneously, which are related to heating conditions (temperature, furnace time, furnace atmosphere and chemical composition of billet). Generally speaking, oxidation and decarbonization are not obvious when the temperature is less than 750 ℃. But when the temperature is higher than 800 ℃, it increases very fast.

In particular, the heating temperature of carbon steel should not be higher than 1300 ℃. Firstly, the oxide scale on the surface of steel billet will melt (the melting point of pure oxide scale is 1377 ~ 1565 ℃, and it will drop to 1300 ~ 1350 ℃ when it contains impurities), which will fall off the steel surface and expose a new surface, and the burning loss will increase rapidly. Secondly, when the heating temperature of the heating furnaces is higher than 1300 ℃, the billet is likely to overheat or overburnt. The maximum heating temperature should be paid more attention to when producing other kinds of steel.

After the billet is oxidized and burned, it will inevitably affect the yield; the thermal conductivity of the scale is very poor, which has an impact on the heating time of the billet; the scale falls off and accumulates in the heating furnace, which makes manual cleaning very difficult and hard work.

heating furnaces

Inquiry about heating furnaces, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com.

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Wednesday, March 10, 2021

Heating Furnace What You Need to Know

1. Heating furnace's purpose

The heating furnace is to heat the billet to a uniform temperature (austenite structure) suitable for rolling. After the temperature increases, the first thing is to improve the plasticity of the steel and reduce the deformation resistance, so that the steel is easy to deform. For example, the deformation resistance of T12 steel is about 600 MPa at room temperature, and it decreases to about 30 MPa when heated to 1200 ℃, which is only one twentieth of that at room temperature.

For the steel with proper heating temperature, a larger reduction can be used during rolling, which can reduce the equipment accidents caused by wear and impact, improve the productivity and operation rate of the rolling mill, and reduce the rolling energy consumption. Secondly, heating can improve the internal structure and properties of the billet. The inhomogeneous structure and non-metallic inclusions are homogenized by the diffusion of high-temperature heating. The heating temperature and uniformity are the marks of heating quality. The steel with good heating quality is easy to obtain the finished product with the correct section shape and accurate geometric size.

heating furnace

2. Heating furnace's heating process

The heating temperature of the billet includes surface temperature, temperature difference along with section and temperature difference along billet length. The final heating temperature of the billet in the furnace is determined after considering the actual situation of the rolling process, structural characteristics of the rolling mill and heating furnace. The time required for heating to the specified temperature depends on the billet size, steel grade, temperature system adopted and some other conditions.

The billet gets heat by convection and radiation in the heating furnaces. The former is that the furnace gas washes the billet surface, while the latter is that the furnace gas and hot lining radiate heat. Along the length direction, our furnace is divided into three sections: preheating section, heating section and soaking section. When the billet enters the preheating section of the heating furnace, the heat flux increases gradually. When the billet reaches the second heating section, the heat flux basically remains unchanged. When the billet reaches the soaking section, the heat flux decreases gradually.

In the soaking zone, the surface temperature of the billet remains basically unchanged, while the temperature difference of the cross-section decreases gradually, and the heat from the billet surface diffuses to the interior in the way of heat conduction. The smaller the heat flux to the billet surface, the larger the heating area, the smaller the section size of the billet and the greater the thermal conductivity of steel, the smaller the section temperature difference. Generally, the heating time of billets with large section is longer than that of billets with small section, and that of alloy steel is longer than that of carbon steel.

heating furnaces

3. Heating furnace pressure system

The size and distribution of the heating furnace pressure are an important means to adjust the temperature field, control the flame and atmosphere in the furnace. It affects the heating speed and quality, and also affects the utilization of fuel. In particular, the furnace pressure at the discharge section of the furnace is particularly important.

The heating furnace pressure should be set at 0 ~ 30Pa higher than atmospheric pressure. If the furnace pressure is too high, the charging port, discharging port, observation hole and other opening parts will be exposed to fire. The results are as follows: (1) the furnace gas loss increases, which increases the heat loss; (2) SO 2 and other harmful gases enter the workshop, which pollutes the working environment; (3) the furnace wall, nearby steel structure or mechanical equipment at the burning part are damaged or deformed. On the contrary, if the furnace pressure is too low, the absorption of cold air in the workshop will make (1) the furnace temperature decrease and the fuel consumption increase; (2) the cooling of billet by low-temperature air will lead to uneven temperature; (3) the increase of oxygen content in the furnace gas will lead to the increase of burning loss.

4. Heating furnace combustion system:

The basic requirement is to ensure that the fuel is completely burned in the heating furnaces and the air coefficient α is small. Excess air leads to a large amount of flue gas and more heat carried away; insufficient air leads to incomplete combustion in the furnace, which also increases heat loss.

Inquiry about heating furnaces, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com.

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Thursday, March 4, 2021

What Is Continuous Casting Machine?

Continuous steel casting refers to the production process of continuously pouring high-temperature molten steel onto cast slabs with a certain cross-sectional shape and size specifications. To complete this process, the equipment required is called a complete set of continuous casting equipment. Mechatronics casting equipment, continuous casting fuselage equipment, cutting area equipment, and ingot bar receiving equipment, etc. constitute the continuous casting steel core equipment, which is often referred to as a continuous casting machine.

The continuous casting process of the continuous casting machine. When high-temperature molten steel is continuously poured into one or a group of cold copper molds, the molten steel gradually solidifies into a blank shell around the mold. When the steel liquid level rises to a certain height and the blank shell solidifies to a certain thickness, pull out the orthopedic machine and pull it out. The billet shell is cooled by spraying water in the secondary cooling zone to completely solidify the billet shell. Then, according to the needs of steel rolling, the cutting equipment cuts the billet into size. This process of pouring high-temperature molten steel directly onto the billet is called continuous casting.

continuous casting machine

Continuous casting machine can be divided into many different types. According to its structure and shape, the continuous casting machine can be divided into vertical curve, arc straight section, arc section, multi-radius ellipse, horizontal continuous casting machine and other types. With the development of continuous casting technology, wheeled continuous casting machine, especially thin slab continuous casting machines have been developed again.

If distinguished by the size and shape of its casting section, the continuous casting machine can be divided into slab continuous casting machine, billet continuous casting machine, bloom continuous casting machine, round billet continuous casting machine, special-shaped section continuous casting machine, and slab caster. The rectangular billet continuous casting machine also includes the rectangular billet on the rectangular billet continuous casting machine. The cast slab whose casting cross-section or equivalent sectional area is greater than 200×200mm is called bloom, and the cast slab with the cross-section or equivalent sectional area less than 160×160mm is called a small billet. Square billets, rectangular billets with a width ratio greater than 3 are called slabs.

continuous casting

According to how many slabs can be poured by the continuous casting machine in the same ladle, it can be divided into three types: single-strand, double-strand, and multi-strand.

 

The emergence of the continuous casting machine has fundamentally changed the one-time rolling and serving method of steel ingots for a century. The use of a continuous casting machine has the advantages of simplifying production procedures, improving production efficiency and metal yield, saving energy, greatly reducing production costs, and ensuring the quality of billets. It has developed rapidly at home and abroad. In today's steelmaking enterprises, it is almost inevitable to equip continuous casters, no matter if it is a long process or a short process.


If you are interested in purchasing the continuous casting machine, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com.


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Saturday, February 20, 2021

What are the Advantages of Medium Frequency Furnace in Metal Smelting?

In recent years, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of product quality requirements, many manufacturers choose to use intermediate frequency furnaces for non-ferrous metal smelting and obtain remarkable results. So, what are the advantages of a medium frequency furnace in metal smelting?

First of all, the intermediate frequency furnace is easy to operate, fast heating, and low energy consumption, which can ensure the optimal and stable melting process and reduce the complicated work of furnace workers. With the adoption of new technology, new material, and new processes, the performance and application effect of medium frequency furnaces are becoming more and more perfect, showing more and more vitality, and obtaining remarkable social and economic benefits.

medium frequency furnace












Secondly, in terms of frequency conversion equipment, the original thyristor intermediate frequency equipment gives full play to its advantages of a lightweight, high efficiency, fast start-up, power saving, fast melting speed, simple manufacturing process, etc., and adopts the frequency automatic tracking system, which can automatically adjust the frequency with load change without switching capacitors. In recent years, the intermediate frequency furnace adopts an advanced IGBT frequency conversion induction heating device, with high element density, outstanding performance, better start-up, more reliable use, simple and convenient maintenance, less floor space and more advanced manufacturing process.

Third, the furnace body and lining of the intermediate frequency furnace are made of a new structure and new materials, and the part close to the inductor coil is isolated with high insulation and high strength materials, which greatly prolongs the service life of the crucible and furnace village and makes it easier to replace the crucible. The heating efficiency of graphite crucible and quartz crucible is much higher than that of the refractory crucible, which shortens the melting time and greatly reduces the heat loss. The maximum temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace is 2600 ℃, which is especially suitable for smelting platinum, gold, K-gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and other metals. The electric efficiency reaches 90-95, and ideal economic benefits can be obtained.

intermediate frequency furnaces

Finally, compared with other types of the smelting furnace, the specific power of the intermediate frequency furnace is higher, and the metal is heated by electromagnetic induction, so the temperature rises and melts quickly. There is no need for starter and residual metal liquid, and it can be melted only by adding scrap or small material. It is very suitable for intermittent operation and frequent change of metal grade, and has great adaptability and flexibility.

So many advantages make intermediate frequency furnaces popular in the industry. Nowadays, the medium frequency furnace is gradually exploring into large, medium, and small factories, the scope of application is expanding, the variety of equipment is increasing, and the degree of automation is also improving. It is believed that medium frequency furnaces will play a more and more important role in high-tech, high-quality product manufacturing and jewelry processing.

If you are interested in purchasing medium frequency furnace, please mail at marketing2@hanrm.com directly.

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Four Processes of High-speed Steel Manufacturing

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